Research Blog

September 15, 20268 min read

What Is IGF-1? Insulin-Like Growth Factor Explained

IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) explained for researchers: the GH–IGF-1 axis, the IGF-1 receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling, IGF-binding proteins, and how the IGF-1 LR3 analog differs. Research use only.

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September 15, 20267 min read

IGF-1 LR3 vs Native IGF-1: What the R3 Substitution Changes

IGF-1 LR3 vs native IGF-1 compared for researchers: the R3 substitution and Long N-terminal extension, reduced IGF-binding-protein affinity, half-life, and receptor potency. Research use only.

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July 20, 20267 min read

Peptide Sciences Alternative: Sourcing Research Compounds After the 2026 Shutdown

Peptide Sciences closed March 6, 2026. A guide to vetting a Peptide Sciences alternative on COA quality, HPLC and mass-spec testing, and US shipping.

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July 20, 20266 min read

Science.bio Alternative: Where to Source Research Peptides After the Shutdown

Science.bio shut down around January 2026. A guide to vetting a Science.bio alternative on third-party COAs, HPLC and mass-spec purity, and US shipping.

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July 20, 20266 min read

Amino Asylum Alternative: A Sourcing Guide for Research Peptide Buyers

Amino Asylum went defunct in 2025. A sourcing-continuity guide to vetting an Amino Asylum alternative on COA quality, testing, and US shipping.

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July 20, 20268 min read

Research-Peptide Vendor Shutdowns 2025-2026: A Sourcing Continuity Guide

Amino Asylum, Science.bio, and Peptide Sciences all shut down in 2025-2026. A rubric for vetting any research-peptide supplier on testing and logistics.

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May 15, 20267 min read

How to Read a Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Learn what a Certificate of Analysis contains, how to interpret HPLC and mass spectrometry data, and what separates a legitimate COA from a fabricated one.

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April 28, 20265 min read

The Complete Guide to Peptide Storage

Proper storage is critical to maintaining peptide integrity. Learn the difference between lyophilized and reconstituted storage, temperature guidelines, and how to maximize shelf life.

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April 10, 20267 min read

What Are Research Peptides? A Beginner's Guide

An introduction to research peptides covering what they are, how they are synthesized, common categories, and why purity is essential for reliable research outcomes.

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March 22, 20268 min read

BPC-157: A Comprehensive Research Overview

An in-depth look at BPC-157, a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from gastric juice. Explore preclinical findings on connective tissue, GI function, and neuroprotection in research models.

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May 10, 20265 min read

Ipamorelin: Research Applications and Protocol Considerations

A detailed research guide covering Ipamorelin, a selective growth hormone secretagogue. Explore its GHSR-1a binding profile, preclinical research areas, and handling protocols for laboratory use.

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May 12, 20265 min read

CJC-1295: DAC vs No DAC — Key Differences for Researchers

An in-depth comparison of CJC-1295 with DAC and without DAC (Modified GRF 1-29). Understand half-life differences, pharmacokinetic profiles, and which variant suits different research protocols.

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May 14, 20265 min read

GHK-Cu: Copper Peptide Research and Applications

Explore GHK-Cu, a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide investigated for gene expression modulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and antioxidant activity in preclinical research.

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May 16, 20265 min read

Selank: Neuropeptide Research Overview

An overview of Selank, a synthetic tuftsin analog investigated in preclinical models for tuftsin-receptor interaction, BDNF and monoamine signaling, and immune-regulatory properties.

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May 18, 20265 min read

Semax: ACTH(4-7) Peptide Research Applications

A research overview of Semax, an ACTH(4-7) derivative studied in preclinical models for CNS signaling, BDNF and NGF modulation, and neuroprotective properties.

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May 20, 20265 min read

NAD+: The Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Cellular Research

An overview of NAD+ in cellular research, including its role in sirtuin activation, DNA repair, mitochondrial function, and age-related decline studied in preclinical models.

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May 22, 20265 min read

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4): Research Applications

A comprehensive look at TB-500, a synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 studied in preclinical models for actin regulation, cell migration, and tissue repair mechanisms.

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May 24, 20264 min read

PT-141: Melanocortin Receptor Research

An overview of PT-141, a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist studied in preclinical models for MC3R and MC4R binding, CNS signaling, and melanocortin system pharmacology.

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May 26, 20265 min read

BPC-157 vs TB-500: A Research Comparison

A side-by-side comparison of BPC-157 and TB-500 for research purposes, covering their distinct mechanisms, complementary preclinical findings, and considerations for combined-peptide research protocols.

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May 28, 20265 min read

What is HPLC Testing? Understanding Peptide Purity Analysis

A detailed explanation of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) as applied to peptide purity analysis, including how to read chromatograms and interpret purity data.

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May 30, 20265 min read

How Research Peptides Are Synthesized: SPPS Explained

An educational overview of Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS), the primary method for producing research-grade peptides, covering protecting groups, coupling chemistry, cleavage, and purification.

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June 1, 20264 min read

What to Look for in a Research Peptide Supplier

A practical guide for researchers on evaluating peptide suppliers, covering Certificate of Analysis standards, third-party testing, storage practices, and common red flags to avoid.

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June 2, 20264 min read

How to Reconstitute Lyophilized Peptides for Research

A step-by-step guide to reconstituting lyophilized research peptides, covering solvent selection, proper technique, concentration calculations, and post-reconstitution storage.

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June 4, 20264 min read

Understanding Peptide Purity Grades: Research vs Pharmaceutical

An explanation of peptide purity grades and tiers, covering the meaning of purity percentages, the differences between research-grade and pharmaceutical-grade peptides, and testing methodologies.

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June 5, 20265 min read

IGF-1 LR3: Extended Half-Life Growth Factor Research

A research overview of IGF-1 LR3, a modified insulin-like growth factor with extended biological activity, covering the LR3 modification, preclinical research areas, and laboratory handling protocols.

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June 7, 20266 min read

Tesamorelin: GRF Analog Research Overview

A preclinical research overview of tesamorelin, a synthetic analog of growth hormone releasing factor (GRF 1-44), covering its structure, GH axis interactions, and applications in preclinical investigation.

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June 7, 20266 min read

MOTS-c: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Research

A research overview of MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome, covering its discovery, AMPK activation, and roles in cellular metabolism research.

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June 7, 20265 min read

Bacteriostatic Water: What It Is and How It's Used in Research

A comprehensive guide to bacteriostatic water for research use, covering its composition, benzyl alcohol preservative mechanism, proper storage, and how it differs from sterile water.

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June 8, 20266 min read

MT-2: Melanocortin Receptor Research Applications

A preclinical research overview of MT-2, a synthetic cyclic analog of alpha-MSH, covering MC1R binding, melanocortin receptor pharmacology, and research applications.

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June 8, 20266 min read

What Causes Peptide Degradation? Key Factors Researchers Should Know

An overview of the primary factors that cause peptide degradation in research settings, including temperature, light, moisture, oxidation, and freeze-thaw cycles, with practical guidance for preservation.

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June 8, 20266 min read

GHK-Cu vs BPC-157: Research Compound Comparison

A side-by-side comparison of GHK-Cu and BPC-157 for preclinical research, covering their distinct origins, different mechanisms of action, and separate research applications.

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June 8, 20266 min read

How to Verify Peptide Quality Before Use in Research

A practical guide for researchers on verifying the quality of peptide reagents, covering COA interpretation, HPLC chromatogram analysis, mass spectrometry confirmation, and common vendor red flags.

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June 9, 20266 min read

Peptide Solubility: Choosing the Right Solvent for Research

A practical guide to peptide solubility in research, covering when to use bacteriostatic water, DMSO, acetic acid, and PBS, with compatibility considerations for different peptide sequences.

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June 9, 20267 min read

CJC-1295 vs Ipamorelin vs Tesamorelin: GH Secretagogue Research Comparison

A comparative overview of three major growth hormone secretagogues used in preclinical research: CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, and Tesamorelin, covering receptor targets, half-lives, and research protocol considerations.

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June 9, 20266 min read

What Is Lyophilization? Understanding Freeze-Dried Peptides

An educational overview of lyophilization (freeze-drying), explaining the process, why peptides are lyophilized, the stability advantages of the dry powder form, and proper reconstitution of lyophilized peptides.

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What Is IGF-1? Insulin-Like Growth Factor Explained

IGF-1 LR3 vs Native IGF-1: What the R3 Substitution Changes

Peptide Sciences Alternative: Sourcing Research Compounds After the 2026 Shutdown

Science.bio Alternative: Where to Source Research Peptides After the Shutdown

Amino Asylum Alternative: A Sourcing Guide for Research Peptide Buyers

Research-Peptide Vendor Shutdowns 2025-2026: A Sourcing Continuity Guide

How to Read a Certificate of Analysis (COA)

The Complete Guide to Peptide Storage

What Are Research Peptides? A Beginner's Guide

BPC-157: A Comprehensive Research Overview

Ipamorelin: Research Applications and Protocol Considerations

CJC-1295: DAC vs No DAC — Key Differences for Researchers

GHK-Cu: Copper Peptide Research and Applications

Selank: Neuropeptide Research Overview

Semax: ACTH(4-7) Peptide Research Applications

NAD+: The Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Cellular Research

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4): Research Applications

PT-141: Melanocortin Receptor Research

BPC-157 vs TB-500: A Research Comparison

What is HPLC Testing? Understanding Peptide Purity Analysis

How Research Peptides Are Synthesized: SPPS Explained

What to Look for in a Research Peptide Supplier

How to Reconstitute Lyophilized Peptides for Research

Understanding Peptide Purity Grades: Research vs Pharmaceutical

IGF-1 LR3: Extended Half-Life Growth Factor Research

Tesamorelin: GRF Analog Research Overview

MOTS-c: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Research

Bacteriostatic Water: What It Is and How It's Used in Research

MT-2: Melanocortin Receptor Research Applications

What Causes Peptide Degradation? Key Factors Researchers Should Know

GHK-Cu vs BPC-157: Research Compound Comparison

How to Verify Peptide Quality Before Use in Research

Peptide Solubility: Choosing the Right Solvent for Research

CJC-1295 vs Ipamorelin vs Tesamorelin: GH Secretagogue Research Comparison

What Is Lyophilization? Understanding Freeze-Dried Peptides

Questions About Our Products?

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Research Blog

What Is IGF-1? Insulin-Like Growth Factor Explained

IGF-1 LR3 vs Native IGF-1: What the R3 Substitution Changes

Peptide Sciences Alternative: Sourcing Research Compounds After the 2026 Shutdown

Science.bio Alternative: Where to Source Research Peptides After the Shutdown

Amino Asylum Alternative: A Sourcing Guide for Research Peptide Buyers

Research-Peptide Vendor Shutdowns 2025-2026: A Sourcing Continuity Guide

How to Read a Certificate of Analysis (COA)

The Complete Guide to Peptide Storage

What Are Research Peptides? A Beginner's Guide

BPC-157: A Comprehensive Research Overview

Ipamorelin: Research Applications and Protocol Considerations

CJC-1295: DAC vs No DAC — Key Differences for Researchers

GHK-Cu: Copper Peptide Research and Applications

Selank: Neuropeptide Research Overview

Semax: ACTH(4-7) Peptide Research Applications

NAD+: The Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Cellular Research

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4): Research Applications

PT-141: Melanocortin Receptor Research

BPC-157 vs TB-500: A Research Comparison

What is HPLC Testing? Understanding Peptide Purity Analysis

How Research Peptides Are Synthesized: SPPS Explained

What to Look for in a Research Peptide Supplier

How to Reconstitute Lyophilized Peptides for Research

Understanding Peptide Purity Grades: Research vs Pharmaceutical

IGF-1 LR3: Extended Half-Life Growth Factor Research

Tesamorelin: GRF Analog Research Overview

MOTS-c: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Research

Bacteriostatic Water: What It Is and How It's Used in Research

MT-2: Melanocortin Receptor Research Applications

What Causes Peptide Degradation? Key Factors Researchers Should Know

GHK-Cu vs BPC-157: Research Compound Comparison

How to Verify Peptide Quality Before Use in Research

Peptide Solubility: Choosing the Right Solvent for Research

CJC-1295 vs Ipamorelin vs Tesamorelin: GH Secretagogue Research Comparison

What Is Lyophilization? Understanding Freeze-Dried Peptides

Questions About Our Products?