For laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption. Not for clinical or therapeutic use. Not evaluated by the FDA.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption. Not for clinical or therapeutic use. Not evaluated by the FDA.
Aggregation is the clumping of peptide molecules, often caused by improper storage or freeze-thaw cycling. It can reduce solubility and compromise research results.
Aggregation is driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between molecules and is promoted by high concentration, unfavorable pH or temperature, and mechanical agitation such as vigorous shaking. It can be reversible, forming soluble oligomers, or irreversible, producing visible precipitates or amyloid-like fibrils, and it frequently appears as cloudiness or fine particulates in a reconstituted solution.
Because aggregated material is no longer fully soluble or correctly folded, it undermines the reproducibility of in-vitro assays. Standard mitigations include careful reconstitution, dividing solutions into single-use aliquots, and avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycling.